Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Islami terhadap Kinerja Karyawan melalui Motivasi Kerja dan Budaya Organisasi di Muhammadiyah Boarding School Ki Bagus Hadikusumo
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Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kepemimpinan Islami terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan motivasi kerja dan budaya organisasi sebagai variabel mediasi pada Muhammadiyah Boarding School Ki Bagus Hadikusumo. Studi ini berangkat dari pemahaman bahwa kepemimpinan Islami tidak hanya berperan sebagai instrumen manajerial, tetapi juga sebagai sumber nilai moral dan spiritual yang mampu membentuk perilaku serta etos kerja karyawan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif eksplanatif dengan metode survei daring. Sebanyak 102 responden dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling, dan data dianalisis menggunakan Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) dengan perangkat lunak SmartPLS 3.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan Islami berpengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan motivasi kerja dan penguatan budaya organisasi. Selanjutnya, motivasi kerja dan budaya organisasi yang terbentuk secara positif berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan kinerja karyawan. Analisis lebih lanjut menunjukkan bahwa kedua variabel tersebut berperan sebagai mediator yang efektif dalam memperkuat hubungan antara kepemimpinan Islami dan kinerja karyawan. Temuan ini memperkuat pandangan bahwa kepemimpinan Islami berperan strategis dalam menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang beretika, kolaboratif, dan produktif. Nilai-nilai seperti amanah, keadilan, dan keteladanan terbukti mampu meningkatkan motivasi intrinsik serta memperkuat budaya organisasi yang berorientasi pada kerja ikhlas dan tanggung jawab sosial. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan teori kepemimpinan berbasis nilai Islam dan memberikan implikasi praktis bagi pengelolaan sumber daya manusia di lembaga pendidikan Islam modern.
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How to Cite
Istimal, I., & Fauziah, F. (2025). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Islami terhadap Kinerja Karyawan melalui Motivasi Kerja dan Budaya Organisasi di Muhammadiyah Boarding School Ki Bagus Hadikusumo. ProBisnis : Jurnal Manajemen, 16(06), 2967–2976. Retrieved from https://ejournal.joninstitute.org/index.php/ProBisnis/article/view/1275
References
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Abdelwahed, N. A. A., Doghan, M. A. Al, & Soomro, B. A. (2024). Unleashing potential : Islamic leadership ’ s in fl uence on employee performance via Islamic organizational values , organizational culture and work motivation. 6089. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-01-2024-0019
Afif, M., Mariyanti, T., Septiani, N., & Dolan, E. (2023). Factor Affecting Employee Motivation to Increase Performance of Sharia Bank in Indonesia on Islamic Perspective. 7(2), 128–136.
Al-Hayali, O. S. A. (2024). (The Importance of Knowledge and Work in Islamic Thought; A Study of the Stages of Spiritual Purification According to Imam Al-Ghazali. 3538(7), 1032–1043.
Ali, Z., Siregar, B., Akmal, S., & Rahman, K. (2023). Islamic Boarding School Leadership and Work Environment on Teacher Performance. 6(3), 420–435.
Alqhaiwi, Zaid Oqla, Bednall, Timothy, & Kyndt, Eva. (2023). Excellence in leadership in the Arab world: Islamic principles and tribal values. Evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 23(3), 613–634. https://doi.org/10.1177/14705958231212742
Anshori, M. Y., Rasyid, R. A., & Herlambang, T. (2025). How Transformational Leadership , Corporate Culture , and Intrinsic Motivation Shape Hospitality Employee Performance ? 0, 258–274.
Antinluoma, M., Ilomäki, L., & Toom, A. (2021). Practices of Professional Learning Communities. 6(April), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.617613
Assai’di, S. (2021). The Principles of Educational Leadership in the Perspective of the Qur’an. 21(2), 397–415.
Astuti, S. D., Shodikin, A., & Ud-din, M. (2020). Islamic Leadership , Islamic Work Culture , and Employee Performance : The Mediating Role of Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction *. 7(11), 1059–1068. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no11.1059
Bahtiar, Y., & Anwar, M. N. (2025). The Important Role Of Islamic Boarding Schools in Forming Islamic Leadership. 4(3).
Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural Equation Modeling with Amos: Basic Concepts, Aplications, and Programming. In Multivariate Applications Series (3rd ed.). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Cheng, S., Dong, J., & Sui, H. (2025). A Mediation Analysis to Detect the Effects of Servant Leadership on Teacher Organizational Citizenship Behavior Using PLS-SEM and IPMA. June, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251335740
Chin, W. W., Marcolin, B. L., & Newsted, P. R. (2003). A Partial Least Squares Latent Variable Modeling Approach for Measuring Interaction Effects : Results from A Partial Least Squares Latent Variable Modeling Approach for Measuring Interaction Effects : Results from a Monte Carlo Simulation Study and an Ele. Information Systems Research Publication, May 2014.
Diamantopoulos, A., & Siguaw, J. A. (2006). Formative versus reflective indicators in organizational measure development: A comparison and empirical illustration. British Journal of Management, 17(4), 263–282. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2006.00500.x
Fathih, M. A., & Muhlis, N. K. (2023). Problematika Penerapan Manajemen Pendidikan di Lembaga Pendidikan Islam. 6(1), 20–29.
Fauziah, M., Anasrulloh, M., Agatha, M., Widyanti, S., & Putra, E. M. (2025). Transformational Leadership Relationship , Work Environment , Job Satisfaction Motivation , and Hospital Employee Performance. 41(2022), 482–493.
Fitrianty, R., Harjanti, W., Wahjoedi, T., & Cisilia, M. (2024). The Role of Islamic Leadership In Improving Employee Performance at The Putri Sari Indah Gresik Rest Area Kota Baru Gresik. 9(April), 90–104.
Fornell, & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural Equation Models With Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error: Algebra and Statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, XVIII(August), 382–388.
Fuad, R. M., Ismuni, M., & Haryadi, R. N. (2025). Penerapan Kedisiplinan dan Budaya Kerja Islam serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Kinerja Karyawan : Studi Kasus CV Garmen Bogor. 5(2), 949–960.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling ( PLS-SEM ). In 2 nd. Sage Publishing.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review.
Hakim, A. (2012). The Implementation of Islamic Leadership and Islamic Organizational Culture and Its Influence on Islamic Working Motivation and Islamic Performance PT Bank Mu ’ amalat Indonesia Tbk . Employee in the Central Java. 17(1), 77–90.
Hastasari, C., Setiawan, B., & Aw, S. (2022). Heliyon Students ’ communication patterns of islamic boarding schools : the case of Students in Muallimin Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Heliyon, 8(January), e08824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08824
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). Testing measurement invariance of composites using partial least squares. International Marketing Review, 33(3), 405–431. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-09-2014-0304
Henseler, J., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Goodness-of-fit indices for partial least squares path modeling. Computational Statistics, 28(2), 565–580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00180-012-0317-1
Hidayatulloh, R., Riyanti, T., & Arifin, J. (2024). The Role of Kiai Leadership in Developing Students ’ Character at Islamic Boarding School. 16, 234–246. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v16i1.4378
Idwin, M., Kustati, M., Amelia, R., Islam, U., Imam, N., & Padang, B. (2025). Pengelolaan Lembaga Pendidikan Islam dalam Perspektif Manajemen Pendidikan. April.
Islam, U., Gunung, S., & Bandung, D. (2021). Yayan RAHTIKAWATIE 1 , Saifuddin CHALIM 2 and Teti RATNASIH 1 A R T I C L E I N F O. 96, 51–65. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2021.96.4
Islamiati, S. H. D., Iswan, & Nomi, A. S. (2024). Penyediaan Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan dalam Pendidikan Islam. 6, 5498–5510. https://doi.org/10.47476/reslaj.v6i11.4119
Jung, S., & Park, J. H. (2018). Consistent partial least squares path modeling via regularization. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(FEB), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00174
Khan, M. M., Mubarik, M. S., Ahmed, S. S., Ali, S. R., & Siraj, S. S. (2023). Instilling employees with meaning to communicate: servant leadership affecting employee voice behavior through meaning. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, 74(5–6), 1899–1913. https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-06-2023-0218
Khoshnaw, D., & Karadas, G. (2025). Enhancing Knowledge Sharing Through Transactional Leadership in an Emerging Economy : The Strategic Role of Human Capital. 1–19.
Kline, rex B. (2016). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. In 4 (Ed.), Methodology in the Social Sciences (Vol. 1, Issue 1). Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.15353/cgjsc-rcessc.v1i1.25
Kumar, S., & Matheen, W. (2019). Facets of Leadership. 2(2), 14–18.
Maryati, T., & Juni, R. (2019). The Effect of Spiritual Leadership and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance : The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction. 9(3), 130–143.
Muhyidin, A., Istimal, I., Sutar, S., & Maswanto, M. (2024). Towards sustainable consumption: The role of knowledge, environment, and promotion for the millennial generation. Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 16(2), 144–166. https://doi.org/10.26740/bisma.v16n2.p144-166
Murniyati, D., & Dessyarti, R. S. (2023). Factors Analysis of Islamic Work Ethics as Antecedent on Work Motivation and Job Performance in Indonesia. 09(01), 128–134.
Nani, D. A., Apri, V., & Safitri, D. (2021). Exploring the Relationship between Formal Management Control Systems , Organisational Performance and Innovation : The Role of Leadership Characteristics. 14(9), 207–224.
Nima, J. L., & Maksum, I. (2025). The Effect of Islamic Leadership on Organizational Commitment Through Organizational Culture as Mediating Variable. 5, 266–276.
Pavlov, G., Maydeu-Olivares, A., & Shi, D. (2021). Using the Standardized Root Mean Squared Residual (SRMR) to Assess Exact Fit in Structural Equation Models. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 81(1), 110–130. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164420926231
Purnama, C. (2017). Islamic Culture Impact of Increasing Satisfaction and Performance of Employees: Study of Educational Institutions Sabillilah Sampang. 7(5), 528–540. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2017.75.528.540
Rahman, D., & Akbar, A. R. (2021). PROBLEMATIKA YANG DIHADAPI LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM. 1(September), 76–89.
Salameh-ayanian, M., Lakkis, P., Jabbour, N., & Maalouf, A. (2025). Leading Through Uncertainty : How Transformational and Transactional Leadership Shape Employee Satisfaction and Performance in Lebanese NGOs.
Sumanasiri, E. A. G. (2020). Value-Based Organisational Leadership : A Literature Review. 26(4), 92–104. https://doi.org/10.9734/JEMT/2020/v26i430259
Tahir, P. R., Azizan, N. A., Muzaffar, S., & Muzaffar, Z. (2025). Charting The Course For Organizational Success Using Islamic Principles of Leadership In Strategic Management: Challenges and Opportunities. 8(29), 370–378. https://doi.org/10.35631/IJEMP.829024
Zaim, H. (2022). The in fl uence of Islamic leadership on work performance in service industry : an empirical analysis. 127–152. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-12-2021-0242
Abdelwahed, N. A. A., Doghan, M. A. Al, & Soomro, B. A. (2024). Unleashing potential : Islamic leadership ’ s in fl uence on employee performance via Islamic organizational values , organizational culture and work motivation. 6089. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-01-2024-0019
Afif, M., Mariyanti, T., Septiani, N., & Dolan, E. (2023). Factor Affecting Employee Motivation to Increase Performance of Sharia Bank in Indonesia on Islamic Perspective. 7(2), 128–136.
Al-Hayali, O. S. A. (2024). (The Importance of Knowledge and Work in Islamic Thought; A Study of the Stages of Spiritual Purification According to Imam Al-Ghazali. 3538(7), 1032–1043.
Ali, Z., Siregar, B., Akmal, S., & Rahman, K. (2023). Islamic Boarding School Leadership and Work Environment on Teacher Performance. 6(3), 420–435.
Alqhaiwi, Zaid Oqla, Bednall, Timothy, & Kyndt, Eva. (2023). Excellence in leadership in the Arab world: Islamic principles and tribal values. Evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 23(3), 613–634. https://doi.org/10.1177/14705958231212742
Anshori, M. Y., Rasyid, R. A., & Herlambang, T. (2025). How Transformational Leadership , Corporate Culture , and Intrinsic Motivation Shape Hospitality Employee Performance ? 0, 258–274.
Antinluoma, M., Ilomäki, L., & Toom, A. (2021). Practices of Professional Learning Communities. 6(April), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.617613
Assai’di, S. (2021). The Principles of Educational Leadership in the Perspective of the Qur’an. 21(2), 397–415.
Astuti, S. D., Shodikin, A., & Ud-din, M. (2020). Islamic Leadership , Islamic Work Culture , and Employee Performance : The Mediating Role of Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction *. 7(11), 1059–1068. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no11.1059
Bahtiar, Y., & Anwar, M. N. (2025). The Important Role Of Islamic Boarding Schools in Forming Islamic Leadership. 4(3).
Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural Equation Modeling with Amos: Basic Concepts, Aplications, and Programming. In Multivariate Applications Series (3rd ed.). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Cheng, S., Dong, J., & Sui, H. (2025). A Mediation Analysis to Detect the Effects of Servant Leadership on Teacher Organizational Citizenship Behavior Using PLS-SEM and IPMA. June, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251335740
Chin, W. W., Marcolin, B. L., & Newsted, P. R. (2003). A Partial Least Squares Latent Variable Modeling Approach for Measuring Interaction Effects : Results from A Partial Least Squares Latent Variable Modeling Approach for Measuring Interaction Effects : Results from a Monte Carlo Simulation Study and an Ele. Information Systems Research Publication, May 2014.
Diamantopoulos, A., & Siguaw, J. A. (2006). Formative versus reflective indicators in organizational measure development: A comparison and empirical illustration. British Journal of Management, 17(4), 263–282. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2006.00500.x
Fathih, M. A., & Muhlis, N. K. (2023). Problematika Penerapan Manajemen Pendidikan di Lembaga Pendidikan Islam. 6(1), 20–29.
Fauziah, M., Anasrulloh, M., Agatha, M., Widyanti, S., & Putra, E. M. (2025). Transformational Leadership Relationship , Work Environment , Job Satisfaction Motivation , and Hospital Employee Performance. 41(2022), 482–493.
Fitrianty, R., Harjanti, W., Wahjoedi, T., & Cisilia, M. (2024). The Role of Islamic Leadership In Improving Employee Performance at The Putri Sari Indah Gresik Rest Area Kota Baru Gresik. 9(April), 90–104.
Fornell, & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural Equation Models With Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error: Algebra and Statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, XVIII(August), 382–388.
Fuad, R. M., Ismuni, M., & Haryadi, R. N. (2025). Penerapan Kedisiplinan dan Budaya Kerja Islam serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Kinerja Karyawan : Studi Kasus CV Garmen Bogor. 5(2), 949–960.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling ( PLS-SEM ). In 2 nd. Sage Publishing.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review.
Hakim, A. (2012). The Implementation of Islamic Leadership and Islamic Organizational Culture and Its Influence on Islamic Working Motivation and Islamic Performance PT Bank Mu ’ amalat Indonesia Tbk . Employee in the Central Java. 17(1), 77–90.
Hastasari, C., Setiawan, B., & Aw, S. (2022). Heliyon Students ’ communication patterns of islamic boarding schools : the case of Students in Muallimin Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Heliyon, 8(January), e08824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08824
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). Testing measurement invariance of composites using partial least squares. International Marketing Review, 33(3), 405–431. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-09-2014-0304
Henseler, J., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Goodness-of-fit indices for partial least squares path modeling. Computational Statistics, 28(2), 565–580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00180-012-0317-1
Hidayatulloh, R., Riyanti, T., & Arifin, J. (2024). The Role of Kiai Leadership in Developing Students ’ Character at Islamic Boarding School. 16, 234–246. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v16i1.4378
Idwin, M., Kustati, M., Amelia, R., Islam, U., Imam, N., & Padang, B. (2025). Pengelolaan Lembaga Pendidikan Islam dalam Perspektif Manajemen Pendidikan. April.
Islam, U., Gunung, S., & Bandung, D. (2021). Yayan RAHTIKAWATIE 1 , Saifuddin CHALIM 2 and Teti RATNASIH 1 A R T I C L E I N F O. 96, 51–65. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2021.96.4
Islamiati, S. H. D., Iswan, & Nomi, A. S. (2024). Penyediaan Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan dalam Pendidikan Islam. 6, 5498–5510. https://doi.org/10.47476/reslaj.v6i11.4119
Jung, S., & Park, J. H. (2018). Consistent partial least squares path modeling via regularization. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(FEB), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00174
Khan, M. M., Mubarik, M. S., Ahmed, S. S., Ali, S. R., & Siraj, S. S. (2023). Instilling employees with meaning to communicate: servant leadership affecting employee voice behavior through meaning. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, 74(5–6), 1899–1913. https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-06-2023-0218
Khoshnaw, D., & Karadas, G. (2025). Enhancing Knowledge Sharing Through Transactional Leadership in an Emerging Economy : The Strategic Role of Human Capital. 1–19.
Kline, rex B. (2016). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. In 4 (Ed.), Methodology in the Social Sciences (Vol. 1, Issue 1). Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.15353/cgjsc-rcessc.v1i1.25
Kumar, S., & Matheen, W. (2019). Facets of Leadership. 2(2), 14–18.
Maryati, T., & Juni, R. (2019). The Effect of Spiritual Leadership and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance : The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction. 9(3), 130–143.
Muhyidin, A., Istimal, I., Sutar, S., & Maswanto, M. (2024). Towards sustainable consumption: The role of knowledge, environment, and promotion for the millennial generation. Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 16(2), 144–166. https://doi.org/10.26740/bisma.v16n2.p144-166
Murniyati, D., & Dessyarti, R. S. (2023). Factors Analysis of Islamic Work Ethics as Antecedent on Work Motivation and Job Performance in Indonesia. 09(01), 128–134.
Nani, D. A., Apri, V., & Safitri, D. (2021). Exploring the Relationship between Formal Management Control Systems , Organisational Performance and Innovation : The Role of Leadership Characteristics. 14(9), 207–224.
Nima, J. L., & Maksum, I. (2025). The Effect of Islamic Leadership on Organizational Commitment Through Organizational Culture as Mediating Variable. 5, 266–276.
Pavlov, G., Maydeu-Olivares, A., & Shi, D. (2021). Using the Standardized Root Mean Squared Residual (SRMR) to Assess Exact Fit in Structural Equation Models. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 81(1), 110–130. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164420926231
Purnama, C. (2017). Islamic Culture Impact of Increasing Satisfaction and Performance of Employees: Study of Educational Institutions Sabillilah Sampang. 7(5), 528–540. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2017.75.528.540
Rahman, D., & Akbar, A. R. (2021). PROBLEMATIKA YANG DIHADAPI LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM. 1(September), 76–89.
Salameh-ayanian, M., Lakkis, P., Jabbour, N., & Maalouf, A. (2025). Leading Through Uncertainty : How Transformational and Transactional Leadership Shape Employee Satisfaction and Performance in Lebanese NGOs.
Sumanasiri, E. A. G. (2020). Value-Based Organisational Leadership : A Literature Review. 26(4), 92–104. https://doi.org/10.9734/JEMT/2020/v26i430259
Tahir, P. R., Azizan, N. A., Muzaffar, S., & Muzaffar, Z. (2025). Charting The Course For Organizational Success Using Islamic Principles of Leadership In Strategic Management: Challenges and Opportunities. 8(29), 370–378. https://doi.org/10.35631/IJEMP.829024
Zaim, H. (2022). The in fl uence of Islamic leadership on work performance in service industry : an empirical analysis. 127–152. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-12-2021-0242