Pengaruh Motivasi dan Soft Skills terhadap Niat Berwirausaha Mahasiswa: Studi pada Universitas PGRI Kalimantan
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Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh motivasi dan soft skills terhadap niat berwirausaha mahasiswa di Universitas PGRI Kalimantan, Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, penelitian ini menerapkan metode Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Sebanyak 80 mahasiswa yang telah menempuh mata kuliah terkait kewirausahaan berpartisipasi sebagai responden. Kerangka penelitian ini terdiri atas dua variabel independen, yaitu motivasi (X1) dan soft skills (X2), serta satu variabel dependen, yaitu niat berwirausaha (Y). Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner terstruktur dengan skala Likert lima poin, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak SmartPLS 4.0 untuk menilai model pengukuran dan model struktural. Hasil uji model pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa seluruh konstruk memenuhi kriteria reliabilitas dan validitas (Cronbach’s Alpha > 0,78; AVE > 0,50). Sementara itu, hasil model struktural mengindikasikan bahwa motivasi (β = 0,477; p < 0,001) dan soft skills (β = 0,570; p < 0,001) memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap niat berwirausaha. Secara keseluruhan, model penelitian ini mampu menjelaskan 65,4% variasi niat berwirausaha (R² = 0,654) dan menunjukkan relevansi prediktif yang kuat (Q² = 0,345). Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa niat berwirausaha tidak hanya didorong oleh faktor motivasional, tetapi juga dibentuk oleh kompetensi perilaku yang bersumber dari soft skills. Penelitian ini memperkaya teori kewirausahaan dengan mengintegrasikan Self-Determination Theory (SDT) dan Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) dalam konteks pendidikan tinggi, serta menekankan pentingnya pendidikan kewirausahaan untuk mengembangkan pola pikir dan keterampilan praktis yang diperlukan guna mempersiapkan mahasiswa menghadapi keterlibatan wirausaha dan tantangan bisnis di dunia nyata.
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How to Cite
Nawawi, M., & Agustino, L. (2025). Pengaruh Motivasi dan Soft Skills terhadap Niat Berwirausaha Mahasiswa: Studi pada Universitas PGRI Kalimantan. ProBisnis : Jurnal Manajemen, 16(06), 1771–1785. Retrieved from https://ejournal.joninstitute.org/index.php/ProBisnis/article/view/1233
References
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Becker, J.-M., Cheah, J., Gholamzade, R., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). PLS-SEM’s Most Wanted Guidance. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(1), 321–346. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-04-2022-0474
Beni, S., & Sadewo, Y. D. (2019). Peran program studi kewirausahaan di perbatasan dalam menghadapi era revolusi industri 4.0 (studi kasus: kabupaten bengkayang-kalimantan barat). Sebatik, 23(2), 561–567. https://doi.org/10.46984/sebatik.v23i2.812
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Cui, J, Sun, J, Bell, & R. (2021). Gedeon, S. A. (2017). Measuring Student Transformation in Entrepreneurship Education Programs. Education Research International. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8475460The
Daniel, D., & Handoyo, S. E. (2021). Pengaruh pendidikan kewirausahaan, lingkungan, dan motivasi berwirausaha terhadap intensi berwirausaha mahasiswa. Jurnal Manajerial Dan Kewirausahaan, 3(4), 944. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmk.v3i4.13436
Delanoë‐Gueguen, S., & Liñán, F. (2018). A longitudinal analysis of the influence of career motivations on entrepreneurial intention and action. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne Des Sciences De l’Administration, 36(4), 527–543. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjas.1515
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Fornell, Claes, & Larcker, David F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Garcez, A., Franco, M., & Silva, R. (2022). The soft skills bases in digital academic entrepreneurship in relation to digital transformation. Innovation & Management Review, 20(4), 393–408. https://doi.org/10.1108/inmr-07-2021-0135
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (pls-sem). European Business Review, 26(2), 106–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/ebr-10-2013-0128
Hasan, M., Shofa, N., Thaief, I., Ahmad, M. I. S., & Tahir, T. (2021). Bagaimana Pengetahuan Kewirausahaan Mempengaruhi Minat Berwirausaha Generasi Z melalui Efikasi Diri? Ekuitas: Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi, 9(2), 300–313. https://doi.org/10.23887/ekuitas.v9i2.36975
Hytti, U., Stenholm, P., Heinonen, J., & Seikkula‐Leino, J. (2010). Perceived learning outcomes in entrepreneurship education. Education + Training, 52(8/9), 587–606. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911011088935
Israr, M., & Saleem, M. (2018). Entrepreneurial intentions among university students in italy. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-018-0107-5
Jayawarna, D., Jones, O., & Macpherson, A. (2014). Entrepreneurial potential: the role of human and cultural capitals. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 32(8), 918–943. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242614525795
Julindrastuti, D., & Karyadi, I. (2022). Pengaruh motivasi dan lingkungan keluarga terhadap minat berwirausaha mahasiswa. Jurnal Tadbir Peradaban, 2(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.55182/jtp.v2i1.98
Lingappa, A. K., L.R., L. R., & Shetty, D. K. (2023). Women entrepreneurial motivation and business performance: the role of learning motivation and female entrepreneurial competencies. Industrial and Commercial Training, 55(2), 269–283. https://doi.org/10.1108/ict-06-2022-0042
Malebana, M. J. (2014). Entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurial motivation of south african rural university students. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 6(9), 709–726. https://doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v6i9.531
Manley, S. C., Hair, J. F., Williams, R. I., & McDowell, W. C. (2020). Essential new pls-sem analysis methods for your entrepreneurship analytical toolbox. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17(4), 1805–1825. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00687-6
Martins, J. M., Shahzad, M. F., & Xu, S. (2023). Factors influencing entrepreneurial intention to initiate new ventures: evidence from university students. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-023-00333-9
Metty, P. F., & Slamet, F. (2023). Pengaruh pendidikan kewirausahaan terhadap intensi berwirausaha pada mahasiswa universitas swasta di jakarta barat: efikasi diri dan motivasi sebagai variabel mediasi. Jurnal Manajerial Dan Kewirausahaan, 5(3), 697–707. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmk.v5i3.25410
Novaes, A. L. (2024). Development of soft skills in entrepreneurship education: an approach based on experiential learning theory. Revista De Gestão Social E Ambiental, 18(10). https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n10-207
Omri, H., Omri, A., & Abbassi, A. (2024). Macro-level determinants of entrepreneurial behavior and motivation. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 20(4), 2629–2667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-024-00990-6
Oosterbeek, H., Praag, M. v., & IJsselstein, A. (2010). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation. European Economic Review, 54(3), 442–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2009.08.002
Rahmadiane, G. D., & Harjanti, R. S. (2024). Minat Berwirausaha Pada Gen-Z di Era Digital. Owner : Riset Dan Jurnal Akuntansi, 8(3), 2150–2157. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i3.2238
Riyanti, B. P. D., Sandroto, C. W., & D.W, M. T. W. (2016). Soft skill competencies, hard skill competencies, and intention to become entrepreneur of vocational graduates. International Research Journal of Business Studies, 9(2), 119–132. https://doi.org/10.21632/irjbs.9.2.119-132
Riyanti, D, B. P., S, roto, W, C., W, D., & W, M. T. (2016). Soft skill competencies, hard skill competencies, and intention to become entrepreneur of vocational graduates. International Research Journal of Business Studies.
Sarstedt, M., Radomir, L., Moisescu, O. I., & Ringle, C. M. (2022). Latent class analysis in pls-sem: a review and recommendations for future applications. Journal of Business Research, 138, 398–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.08.051
Scott, J. M., Penaluna, A., & Thompson, J. L. (2016). A critical perspective on learning outcomes and the effectiveness of experiential approaches in entrepreneurship education. Education + Training, 58(1), 82–93. https://doi.org/10.1108/et-06-2014-0063
Strampe, S. A., & Rambe, P. (2024). Soft skills on entrepreneurial readiness behaviours: evidence from university students. The Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/sajesbm.v16i1.778
Su, Y., Zhu, Z., Chen, J., Jin, Y., Wang, T., Lin, C., & Xu, D. (2021). Factors influencing entrepreneurial intention of university students in china: integrating the perceived university support and theory of planned behavior. Sustainability, 13(8), 4519. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084519
Unger, J., Rauch, A., Fresé, M., & Rosenbusch, N. (2011). Human capital and entrepreneurial success: a meta-analytical review. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(3), 341–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.09.004
Vaithilingam, S., Ong, C. S., Moisescu, O. I., & Nair, M. S. (2024). Robustness checks in pls-sem: a review of recent practices and recommendations for future applications in business research. Journal of Business Research, 173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114465
Valley, C. C. (2023). Ethical Leadership in Educational Administration: International Perspectives and Lessons Learned. Armada, 3(2), 92–100. https://doi.org/10.59613/armada.v3i2.2839
Wulandari, R., Afdal, & Hariko, R. (2024). Literasi Digital Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Berwirausaha Generasi Z. Risâlah Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Islam, 10(3), 983–996. https://doi.org/10.31943/jurnal_risalah.v10i3.1596
Aboobaker, N., & Renjini, D. (2020). Human capital and entrepreneurial intentions: do entrepreneurship education and training provided by universities add value? On the Horizon, 28(2), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1108/oth-11-2019-0077
Alam, M. Z., Kousar, S., & Rehman, C. A. (2019). Role of entrepreneurial motivation on entrepreneurial intentions and behaviour: theory of planned behaviour extension on engineering students in pakistan. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-019-0175-1
Al-Jubari, I., Hassan, A., & Liñán, F. (2018). Entrepreneurial intention among university students in malaysia: integrating self-determination theory and the theory of planned behavior. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 15(4), 1323–1342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-018-0529-0
Al-Qadasi, N., Zhang, G., Al‐Awlaqi, M. A., Alshebami, A. S., & Aamer, A. M. (2023). Factors influencing entrepreneurial intention of university students in yemen: the mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1111934
Becker, J.-M., Cheah, J., Gholamzade, R., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). PLS-SEM’s Most Wanted Guidance. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(1), 321–346. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-04-2022-0474
Beni, S., & Sadewo, Y. D. (2019). Peran program studi kewirausahaan di perbatasan dalam menghadapi era revolusi industri 4.0 (studi kasus: kabupaten bengkayang-kalimantan barat). Sebatik, 23(2), 561–567. https://doi.org/10.46984/sebatik.v23i2.812
Boubker, O., Arroud, M., & Ouajdouni, A. (2021). Entrepreneurship education versus management students’ entrepreneurial intentions. a pls-sem approach. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100450
Cai, W., Gu, J., & Wu, J. (2021). How entrepreneurship education and social capital promote nascent entrepreneurial behaviours: the mediating roles of entrepreneurial passion and self-efficacy. Sustainability, 13(20), 11158. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011158
Cui, J, Sun, J, Bell, & R. (2021). Gedeon, S. A. (2017). Measuring Student Transformation in Entrepreneurship Education Programs. Education Research International. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8475460The
Daniel, D., & Handoyo, S. E. (2021). Pengaruh pendidikan kewirausahaan, lingkungan, dan motivasi berwirausaha terhadap intensi berwirausaha mahasiswa. Jurnal Manajerial Dan Kewirausahaan, 3(4), 944. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmk.v3i4.13436
Delanoë‐Gueguen, S., & Liñán, F. (2018). A longitudinal analysis of the influence of career motivations on entrepreneurial intention and action. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne Des Sciences De l’Administration, 36(4), 527–543. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjas.1515
Farhangmehr, M., Gonçalves, P., & Sarmento, M. (2016). Predicting entrepreneurial motivation among university students. Education + Training, 58(7/8), 861–881. https://doi.org/10.1108/et-01-2016-0019
Fayolle, A., Liñán, F., & León, J. A. M. (2014). Beyond entrepreneurial intentions: values and motivations in entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 10(4), 679–689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0306-7
Fornell, Claes, & Larcker, David F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Garcez, A., Franco, M., & Silva, R. (2022). The soft skills bases in digital academic entrepreneurship in relation to digital transformation. Innovation & Management Review, 20(4), 393–408. https://doi.org/10.1108/inmr-07-2021-0135
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (pls-sem). European Business Review, 26(2), 106–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/ebr-10-2013-0128
Hasan, M., Shofa, N., Thaief, I., Ahmad, M. I. S., & Tahir, T. (2021). Bagaimana Pengetahuan Kewirausahaan Mempengaruhi Minat Berwirausaha Generasi Z melalui Efikasi Diri? Ekuitas: Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi, 9(2), 300–313. https://doi.org/10.23887/ekuitas.v9i2.36975
Hytti, U., Stenholm, P., Heinonen, J., & Seikkula‐Leino, J. (2010). Perceived learning outcomes in entrepreneurship education. Education + Training, 52(8/9), 587–606. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911011088935
Israr, M., & Saleem, M. (2018). Entrepreneurial intentions among university students in italy. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-018-0107-5
Jayawarna, D., Jones, O., & Macpherson, A. (2014). Entrepreneurial potential: the role of human and cultural capitals. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 32(8), 918–943. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242614525795
Julindrastuti, D., & Karyadi, I. (2022). Pengaruh motivasi dan lingkungan keluarga terhadap minat berwirausaha mahasiswa. Jurnal Tadbir Peradaban, 2(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.55182/jtp.v2i1.98
Lingappa, A. K., L.R., L. R., & Shetty, D. K. (2023). Women entrepreneurial motivation and business performance: the role of learning motivation and female entrepreneurial competencies. Industrial and Commercial Training, 55(2), 269–283. https://doi.org/10.1108/ict-06-2022-0042
Malebana, M. J. (2014). Entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurial motivation of south african rural university students. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 6(9), 709–726. https://doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v6i9.531
Manley, S. C., Hair, J. F., Williams, R. I., & McDowell, W. C. (2020). Essential new pls-sem analysis methods for your entrepreneurship analytical toolbox. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17(4), 1805–1825. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00687-6
Martins, J. M., Shahzad, M. F., & Xu, S. (2023). Factors influencing entrepreneurial intention to initiate new ventures: evidence from university students. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-023-00333-9
Metty, P. F., & Slamet, F. (2023). Pengaruh pendidikan kewirausahaan terhadap intensi berwirausaha pada mahasiswa universitas swasta di jakarta barat: efikasi diri dan motivasi sebagai variabel mediasi. Jurnal Manajerial Dan Kewirausahaan, 5(3), 697–707. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmk.v5i3.25410
Novaes, A. L. (2024). Development of soft skills in entrepreneurship education: an approach based on experiential learning theory. Revista De Gestão Social E Ambiental, 18(10). https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n10-207
Omri, H., Omri, A., & Abbassi, A. (2024). Macro-level determinants of entrepreneurial behavior and motivation. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 20(4), 2629–2667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-024-00990-6
Oosterbeek, H., Praag, M. v., & IJsselstein, A. (2010). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation. European Economic Review, 54(3), 442–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2009.08.002
Rahmadiane, G. D., & Harjanti, R. S. (2024). Minat Berwirausaha Pada Gen-Z di Era Digital. Owner : Riset Dan Jurnal Akuntansi, 8(3), 2150–2157. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i3.2238
Riyanti, B. P. D., Sandroto, C. W., & D.W, M. T. W. (2016). Soft skill competencies, hard skill competencies, and intention to become entrepreneur of vocational graduates. International Research Journal of Business Studies, 9(2), 119–132. https://doi.org/10.21632/irjbs.9.2.119-132
Riyanti, D, B. P., S, roto, W, C., W, D., & W, M. T. (2016). Soft skill competencies, hard skill competencies, and intention to become entrepreneur of vocational graduates. International Research Journal of Business Studies.
Sarstedt, M., Radomir, L., Moisescu, O. I., & Ringle, C. M. (2022). Latent class analysis in pls-sem: a review and recommendations for future applications. Journal of Business Research, 138, 398–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.08.051
Scott, J. M., Penaluna, A., & Thompson, J. L. (2016). A critical perspective on learning outcomes and the effectiveness of experiential approaches in entrepreneurship education. Education + Training, 58(1), 82–93. https://doi.org/10.1108/et-06-2014-0063
Strampe, S. A., & Rambe, P. (2024). Soft skills on entrepreneurial readiness behaviours: evidence from university students. The Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/sajesbm.v16i1.778
Su, Y., Zhu, Z., Chen, J., Jin, Y., Wang, T., Lin, C., & Xu, D. (2021). Factors influencing entrepreneurial intention of university students in china: integrating the perceived university support and theory of planned behavior. Sustainability, 13(8), 4519. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084519
Unger, J., Rauch, A., Fresé, M., & Rosenbusch, N. (2011). Human capital and entrepreneurial success: a meta-analytical review. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(3), 341–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.09.004
Vaithilingam, S., Ong, C. S., Moisescu, O. I., & Nair, M. S. (2024). Robustness checks in pls-sem: a review of recent practices and recommendations for future applications in business research. Journal of Business Research, 173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114465
Valley, C. C. (2023). Ethical Leadership in Educational Administration: International Perspectives and Lessons Learned. Armada, 3(2), 92–100. https://doi.org/10.59613/armada.v3i2.2839
Wulandari, R., Afdal, & Hariko, R. (2024). Literasi Digital Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Berwirausaha Generasi Z. Risâlah Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Islam, 10(3), 983–996. https://doi.org/10.31943/jurnal_risalah.v10i3.1596